Vascular Toxicity of Phosphate in Chronic Kidney Disease

Con: Phosphate binders in chronic kidney disease.

Phosphate binders are prescribed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients based on associations of serum phosphate concentrations with mortality and calcification, experimental evidence for direct calcifying effects of phosphate on vascular smooth muscle tissue and the central importance of phosphate retention in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Current knowledge regarding phosphate met...

Salivary phosphate secretion in chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia is an important contributor to cardiovascular calcification in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Cardiovascular calcifications are responsible for the high morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Despite dietary phosphate reduction and treatment with phosphate binders, serum phosphorus level, as recommended by K/DOQI guidelines, is achi...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...

Effects of Magnesium on the Phosphate Toxicity in Chronic Kidney Disease: Time for Intervention Studies

Magnesium, an essential mineral for human health, plays a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies in the general population have found an association between lower dietary magnesium intake and an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. In addition, magnesium supplementation was shown to improve blood pressure control, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function. The...